Sports programmes designed to prevent crime and reduce reoffending
Evidence-rated crime-reduction intervention (EMMIE).
Effect on crime
reduces crime
Evidence quality
very strong
Cost
low
What the evidence says
Sports programmes can be targeted to prevent crime at three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Evidence suggests these programmes lead to reductions in crime and reoffending, with psychological benefits such as improved self-esteem. The systematic review covered 24 studies and found that participants in sports programmes showed fewer reoffending rates and improved psychological outcomes compared to control groups.
How it works
Sports programmes are thought to reduce crime by acting as protective factors, offering positive role models, and providing a physical diversion from criminal behavior. They can also improve psychological well-being, which may reduce aggression and promote positive attitudes.
Implementation
Sports programmes can be implemented at various prevention levels and settings such as schools, prisons, and communities. The review noted challenges associated with specific implementations were not discussed.
Source: College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit (What Works Centre for Crime Reduction). Summarised 2026-07-15. BlueLineHub is independent and not affiliated with the College of Policing.