Problem-oriented policing
Evidence-rated crime-reduction intervention (EMMIE).
Effect on crime
reduces crime
Evidence quality
very strong
Cost
low
What the evidence says
Problem-oriented policing (POP) is an intervention that involves identifying specific crime problems, analyzing their causes, developing tailored responses, and assessing the effectiveness of those responses. A systematic review of 34 studies indicated that POP practices tend to lead to an overall reduction in crime and disorder, with a notable meta-analysis suggesting a 33.8% reduction in such issues. Despite varying implementation challenges, POP has been shown to effectively target crime through strategic application in specific contexts.
How it works
POP employs the SARA model (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) to identify the root causes of crime and develop tailored interventions. This focused approach allows for effective targeting of crime problems by adapting interventions based on thorough analysis and ongoing assessment.
Implementation
Most studies reported moderate implementation success, though challenges such as lack of stakeholder commitment and insufficient resources were common. Effective partnerships are crucial for successful implementation, and underestimating required resources can complicate efforts.
Source: College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit (What Works Centre for Crime Reduction). Summarised 2026-07-15. BlueLineHub is independent and not affiliated with the College of Policing.