Music making
Evidence-rated crime-reduction intervention (EMMIE).
Effect on crime
no effect
Evidence quality
weak
What the evidence says
Music-making interventions aim to develop prosocial skills among young people at risk of offending by providing positive experiences and opportunities for self-development. Although there is no evidence that these interventions significantly impact crime rates, they may improve social skills and other positive outcomes like self-efficacy. The evidence quality is low and varies across studies, with reported weaknesses in design and methodology.
How it works
Interventions utilize music to create positive social experiences, build resilience, and promote identity development, which may help distract from negative influences and reduce the risk of offending behavior.
Implementation
Effectiveness is enhanced when activities are culturally relevant and when there is a predictable relationship between staff and participants. However, short project durations can lead to participant frustration.
Source: College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit (What Works Centre for Crime Reduction). Summarised 2026-07-15. BlueLineHub is independent and not affiliated with the College of Policing.