Limiting alcohol sales
Evidence-rated crime-reduction intervention (EMMIE).
Effect on crime
mixed evidence
Evidence quality
moderate
Cost
low
What the evidence says
This intervention involves changing the hours or days when alcohol can be sold to reduce sales and consumption. Evidence indicates mixed outcomes, with some studies suggesting increased crime and others indicating a reduction in harmful incidents, but overall, there is no statistically significant effect on crime. The reviews highlight the need for better control in studies to confirm the effectiveness of such policies.
How it works
Changing the hours or days of alcohol sales aims to influence purchase quantities and consumption patterns, potentially reducing excessive drinking and subsequent harms. However, the exact mechanisms remain untested in the reviewed studies.
Implementation
Implementation can vary based on local context and may face challenges such as opposition from the alcohol industry. Some reviews provided insights into the specifics of hours and permits required for certain restrictions.
Source: College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit (What Works Centre for Crime Reduction). Summarised 2026-07-15. BlueLineHub is independent and not affiliated with the College of Policing.