Education in prisons
Evidence-rated crime-reduction intervention (EMMIE).
Effect on crime
reduces crime
Evidence quality
strong
Cost
low
What the evidence says
This intervention focuses on increasing educational attainment or skill levels among prisoners to reduce reoffending and improve post-release employment prospects. Evidence indicates that such educational and skills training programs have generally reduced the risk of reoffending by 13%, while also improving post-release employment outcomes. However, some studies suggest potential rises in reoffending, indicating mixed overall evidence of impact.
How it works
The intervention works by providing prisoners with education and vocational training, enabling them to acquire skills that enhance their employability upon release. Increased employability is linked to reduced reoffending as it helps integrate ex-prisoners into the community.
Implementation
Successful implementation varies, but effective programs often include follow-up support for ex-prisoners and address skills in demand in the job market. Barriers such as criminal records may affect employment opportunities even after participants complete educational programs.
Source: College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit (What Works Centre for Crime Reduction). Summarised 2026-07-15. BlueLineHub is independent and not affiliated with the College of Policing.