Closed-circuit television (CCTV)
Evidence-rated crime-reduction intervention (EMMIE).
Effect on crime
reduces crime
Evidence quality
very strong
Cost
No information
What the evidence says
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is a surveillance method used to monitor public areas and private properties. Evidence indicates that CCTV can reduce crime, particularly in settings like car parks and residential areas, with an overall reduction of approximately 13%. However, some studies also suggest it may lead to an increase in crime in certain contexts. The intervention's effectiveness varies by context, especially with active monitoring and complementary measures.
How it works
CCTV may deter crime by increasing the perceived risk of being caught and encouraging public vigilance. It also enhances detection of offenses and community awareness, which can help reduce opportunities for crime.
Implementation
For optimal effectiveness, CCTV should involve active monitoring and be complemented by other security measures. The extent and quality of coverage are critical for success.
Source: College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit (What Works Centre for Crime Reduction). Summarised 2026-07-15. BlueLineHub is independent and not affiliated with the College of Policing.