Alternative education programmes
Evidence-rated crime-reduction intervention (EMMIE).
Effect on crime
mixed evidence
Evidence quality
strong
Cost
low
What the evidence says
Alternative education programmes aim to engage young people who are excluded or disengaged from traditional education systems. Evidence shows that while these programmes have mixed effects on crime and reoffending rates, they do promote positive outcomes such as improved self-esteem and school attitudes among participants. The overall impact on delinquency is not statistically significant, although some individual studies report varying outcomes.
How it works
These programmes focus on creating positive learning environments with smaller class sizes and individualized instruction, targeting variables linked to delinquency such as school attendance and self-esteem.
Implementation
Successful implementation involves consideration of student-to-teacher ratios and adapting curriculum to the needs of students. There are no standard models, but common elements include less structured environments and supportive interactions.
Source: College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit (What Works Centre for Crime Reduction). Summarised 2026-07-15. BlueLineHub is independent and not affiliated with the College of Policing.