Types of modern slavery and human trafficking (Appendix A)

Summary

This section provides an overview of the various types of exploitation covered under the Modern Slavery Act 2015. It explains key categories such as exploitation, slavery and servitude (forced and compulsory labour), labour exploitation, domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and the removal of organs. The document emphasizes that victims may experience exploitation through force, threats, or deception, and outlines the legal definitions and implications for policing, especially concerning children and vulnerable adults. Furthermore, it distinguishes between various forms of exploitation and discusses the legal context for policing response.

Key principles

• 1Victims may be exploited through force, coercion, and control.
• 2Exploitation does not necessitate evidence of force for vulnerable populations.
• 3Legal definitions under the Modern Slavery Act are crucial for understanding the types of exploitation.
• 4Consent does not negate the presence of exploitation or slavery.
• 5Understanding child criminal exploitation is vital for safeguarding and legal action.

Defined terms

Exploitation

Defined in section 3 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and includes slavery, servitude, sexual exploitation, and securing services by force, threats, or deception.

Slavery

The status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching the right of ownership are exercised.

Servitude

A particularly serious form of denial of freedom, involving obligations to provide services to another, often including living on another's property.

Forced or compulsory labour

All work or service exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.

Child criminal exploitation (CCE)

Defined as where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to manipulate or deceive a child or young person into criminal activity.