NDM — National Decision Model

One-line definition

The primary decision-making framework used by UK police. A six-stage model that helps officers make and record proportionate decisions.

In plain English

The National Decision Model (NDM) is a structured framework designed for decision-making in UK policing. It is applicable across all levels of policing, whether for spontaneous incidents or planned operations, and can be utilized by individuals or teams in both operational and non-operational contexts. The NDM provides a way for police personnel to clarify their thought processes and document their decisions effectively. The NDM is built around six key elements, which can be remembered using the mnemonic CIAPOAR: 1. **Code of Ethics** - Ensures all decisions align with ethical principles. 2. **Information** - Gathering relevant data and intelligence about the situation. 3. **Assessment** - Evaluating threats and risks while formulating a strategy. 4. **Powers and Policy** - Reviewing available laws and guidelines that may apply. 5. **Options** - Identifying possible courses of action. 6. **Action and Review** - Implementing the chosen option and reflecting on the outcome. This model aims to maintain integrity and public trust, emphasizing that ethics should guide every police decision. Overall, the NDM fosters accountability and continuous improvement in policing practices.

Key facts

• 1Applicable to all policing situations, both planned and spontaneous.
• 2The model has six key elements: CIAPOAR.
• 3Emphasizes ethical considerations in decision making.
• 4Introduced on 23 October 2013; latest update on 24 January 2024.
• 5Developed by the College of Policing.

Who this affects